Composer - Package Manager PHP

Instalasi Composer

Windows

Method 2: Manual Installation

# Download composer.phar
php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
php composer-setup.php
php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"

# Move to global location
move composer.phar C:\composer.phar

# Create batch file (composer.bat)
echo @php "C:\composer.phar" %* > composer.bat

Linux/macOS

# Download dan install globally
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/composer

# Atau via package manager (Ubuntu)
sudo apt update
sudo apt install composer

Verifikasi Instalasi

# Check versi Composer
composer --version

# Output: Composer version 2.x.x

Konfigurasi Global

# Set memory limit
composer config -g process-timeout 2000

# Set preferred install method
composer config -g preferred-install dist

# Lihat konfigurasi
composer config -g -l

Update Composer

# Update ke versi terbaru
composer self-update

# Update ke versi specific
composer self-update 2.4.0

# Rollback ke versi sebelumnya
composer self-update --rollback

Menggunakan Composer

Membuat Project Baru

# Inisialisasi project dengan composer.json
composer init

# Atau buat file composer.json manual
mkdir my-project
cd my-project
composer init

composer.json Dasar

{
    "name": "mycompany/my-project",
    "description": "Deskripsi project",
    "type": "project",
    "license": "MIT",
    "authors": [
        {
            "name": "Nama Anda",
            "email": "email@example.com"
        }
    ],
    "require": {
        "php": ">=7.4",
        "monolog/monolog": "^2.0"
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "phpunit/phpunit": "^9.0"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "MyProject\\": "src/"
        }
    }
}

Mengelola Dependencies

# Install package
composer require monolog/monolog

# Install package versi specific
composer require "monolog/monolog:^2.0"

# Install development dependency
composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit

# Install semua dependencies dari composer.json
composer install

# Update dependencies
composer update

# Update package specific
composer update monolog/monolog

# Remove package
composer remove monolog/monolog

Version Constraints

Useful Commands

# Lihat daftar packages installed
composer show

# Lihat info package specific
composer show monolog/monolog

# Lihat packages yang bisa diupdate
composer outdated

# Validate composer.json
composer validate

# Search package di Packagist
composer search logging

# Lihat dependency tree
composer depends monolog/monolog

# Check security vulnerabilities
composer audit

Working with composer.lock

# Install exact versions dari composer.lock
composer install

# Update dan regenerate composer.lock
composer update

# Jangan commit vendor/, tapi commit composer.lock
echo "vendor/" >> .gitignore
git add composer.json composer.lock

Autoloading dengan Composer

PSR-4 Autoloading

{
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "MyApp\\": "src/",
            "MyApp\\Controllers\\": "src/Controllers/",
            "MyApp\\Models\\": "src/Models/"
        }
    }
}

Struktur Direktori PSR-4

src/
├── User.php                    # MyApp\User
├── Controllers/
│   ├── UserController.php      # MyApp\Controllers\UserController
│   └── ProductController.php   # MyApp\Controllers\ProductController
├── Models/
│   ├── User.php               # MyApp\Models\User
│   └── Product.php            # MyApp\Models\Product
└── Services/
    └── EmailService.php       # MyApp\Services\EmailService

Contoh Class dengan PSR-4

<?php
// src/Controllers/UserController.php
namespace MyApp\Controllers;

use MyApp\Models\User;
use MyApp\Services\EmailService;

class UserController {
    private $userModel;
    private $emailService;
    
    public function __construct() {
        $this->userModel = new User();
        $this->emailService = new EmailService();
    }
    
    public function create($data) {
        $user = $this->userModel->create($data);
        $this->emailService->sendWelcome($user);
        return $user;
    }
}
?>

File dan Class Autoloading

{
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "MyApp\\": "src/"
        },
        "classmap": [
            "database/seeds",
            "database/factories"
        ],
        "files": [
            "app/helpers.php",
            "app/constants.php"
        ]
    }
}

Helper Functions File

<?php
// app/helpers.php
if (!function_exists('dd')) {
    function dd($data) {
        var_dump($data);
        die();
    }
}

if (!function_exists('config')) {
    function config($key, $default = null) {
        static $config;
        
        if (!$config) {
            $config = require 'config/app.php';
        }
        
        return $config[$key] ?? $default;
    }
}

if (!function_exists('view')) {
    function view($template, $data = []) {
        extract($data);
        require "views/{$template}.php";
    }
}
?>

Generate Autoload Files

# Regenerate autoload files setelah menambah class baru
composer dump-autoload

# Optimize untuk production
composer dump-autoload --optimize

# Atau dengan classmap authoritative
composer dump-autoload --classmap-authoritative

Menggunakan Autoloader

<?php
// index.php
require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';

// Sekarang bisa langsung menggunakan class
use MyApp\Controllers\UserController;
use MyApp\Models\User;

$controller = new UserController();
$user = new User();

// Helper functions juga tersedia
dd($user);
echo config('app.name');
view('welcome', ['user' => $user]);
?>

Custom Autoloader

<?php
// Custom autoloader untuk legacy code
spl_autoload_register(function ($class) {
    // Convert namespace to file path
    $file = str_replace('\\', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $class) . '.php';
    
    // Include file if exists
    if (file_exists($file)) {
        require_once $file;
    }
});

// Register dengan Composer
$loader = require 'vendor/autoload.php';
$loader->addPsr4('Legacy\\', 'legacy/');
?>

Membuat Package Sendiri

Struktur Package

my-package/
├── composer.json
├── README.md
├── LICENSE
├── src/
│   └── MyPackage.php
├── tests/
│   └── MyPackageTest.php
├── .gitignore
└── .github/
    └── workflows/
        └── ci.yml

composer.json untuk Package

{
    "name": "myvendor/my-package",
    "description": "Deskripsi package yang berguna",
    "type": "library",
    "license": "MIT",
    "keywords": ["php", "utility", "helper"],
    "homepage": "https://github.com/myvendor/my-package",
    "authors": [
        {
            "name": "Nama Anda",
            "email": "email@example.com",
            "homepage": "https://yourwebsite.com",
            "role": "Developer"
        }
    ],
    "require": {
        "php": ">=7.4"
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "phpunit/phpunit": "^9.0",
        "squizlabs/php_codesniffer": "^3.0"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "MyVendor\\MyPackage\\": "src/"
        }
    },
    "autoload-dev": {
        "psr-4": {
            "MyVendor\\MyPackage\\Tests\\": "tests/"
        }
    },
    "scripts": {
        "test": "phpunit",
        "cs-check": "phpcs src/ --standard=PSR12",
        "cs-fix": "phpcbf src/ --standard=PSR12"
    },
    "extra": {
        "branch-alias": {
            "dev-main": "1.0-dev"
        }
    }
}

Contoh Package Class

<?php
// src/StringHelper.php
namespace MyVendor\MyPackage;

class StringHelper {
    /**
     * Convert string to slug
     */
    public static function slug($string, $separator = '-') {
        // Convert to lowercase
        $string = strtolower($string);
        
        // Replace non-alphanumeric with separator
        $string = preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9]+/', $separator, $string);
        
        // Remove leading/trailing separators
        return trim($string, $separator);
    }
    
    /**
     * Truncate string with ellipsis
     */
    public static function truncate($string, $length = 100, $ellipsis = '...') {
        if (strlen($string) <= $length) {
            return $string;
        }
        
        return substr($string, 0, $length) . $ellipsis;
    }
    
    /**
     * Generate random string
     */
    public static function random($length = 10) {
        $characters = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
        $randomString = '';
        
        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
            $randomString .= $characters[rand(0, strlen($characters) - 1)];
        }
        
        return $randomString;
    }
}
?>

Unit Test

<?php
// tests/StringHelperTest.php
namespace MyVendor\MyPackage\Tests;

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use MyVendor\MyPackage\StringHelper;

class StringHelperTest extends TestCase {
    public function testSlug() {
        $this->assertEquals('hello-world', StringHelper::slug('Hello World'));
        $this->assertEquals('hello_world', StringHelper::slug('Hello World', '_'));
        $this->assertEquals('hello-world-123', StringHelper::slug('Hello World 123'));
    }
    
    public function testTruncate() {
        $text = 'This is a very long text that should be truncated';
        $this->assertEquals('This is a very...', StringHelper::truncate($text, 15));
        $this->assertEquals($text, StringHelper::truncate($text, 100));
    }
    
    public function testRandom() {
        $random1 = StringHelper::random(10);
        $random2 = StringHelper::random(10);
        
        $this->assertEquals(10, strlen($random1));
        $this->assertEquals(10, strlen($random2));
        $this->assertNotEquals($random1, $random2);
    }
}
?>

Publish ke Packagist

# 1. Push ke GitHub
git init
git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit"
git remote add origin https://github.com/username/my-package.git
git push -u origin main

# 2. Tag version
git tag v1.0.0
git push origin v1.0.0

# 3. Submit ke Packagist
# - Buka https://packagist.org
# - Login dengan GitHub
# - Click "Submit"
# - Masukkan GitHub URL: https://github.com/username/my-package

Local Development

{
    "repositories": [
        {
            "type": "path",
            "url": "../my-package",
            "options": {
                "symlink": true
            }
        }
    ],
    "require": {
        "myvendor/my-package": "@dev"
    }
}

Private Repository

{
    "repositories": [
        {
            "type": "vcs",
            "url": "https://github.com/mycompany/private-package.git"
        }
    ],
    "require": {
        "mycompany/private-package": "^1.0"
    },
    "config": {
        "github-oauth": {
            "github.com": "your-github-token"
        }
    }
}